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單車運動可致脊椎傷害
 

單車運動可致脊椎傷害

近幾年來單車運動非常盛行,因為這中度有氧運動可增進肌力、肌耐力與心肺耐力,同時還能欣賞路上美景,深受港人喜愛。然而,並非「只要有腳就會騎單車」,無論是職業車手還是休閒車友,如果騎乘姿勢不正確,反而容易引發不同部位的痠痛或造成運動傷害。騎單車不只是單單用腳踩前進,而是要運用身體的力量;人體被「設計」成維持垂直的姿勢,因此一旦騎單車時,身體太往前傾且維持同一動作太久,就會引發痠痛及肌筋膜發炎。

騎車時頭頸背都是「往前」姿勢,對脊椎壓力增大,因此相對頸部肩背的穩定肌肉群(如提肩胛肌、上斜方肌、闊背肌等)容易過度使用產生肌痛症。同時頸椎椎間盤壓力增大,突出與退化風險也增加。意外跌倒時可能造成頸椎揮鞭症、鎖骨骨折,以及肩膀關節的韌帶撕裂與關節鬆脫。長時間騎車也會產生「圓肩」姿態,因此容易造成胸大肌緊縮,肩胛肌繃緊產生肌痛症,經牽拉造成下肩胛神經壓迫。若受傷而未適當復健,則容易有手臂旋轉軸心偏移,產生肩關節唇病變與肩夾擊症。

腰背方面,騎車時長時間「彎曲」腰部,脊椎壓力增大,容易引發椎間盤突出、脊椎滑脫、棘間韌帶炎。背肌長時間拉扯繃緊,容易有肌痛症、臀皮神經壓迫症;反覆踩踏板容易引發髖部大轉子滑囊炎及彈響髖病變。

騎車在衝刺時用力踩踏,腿膝腳部位容易造成股四頭肌拉傷。在大腿外展下反覆踩踏,容易造成闊筋膜張肌與股薄肌相對張力不平均而產生肌肉痛。膝關節過度使用很容易產生臏股骨前膝疼痛,以及髂脛束在膝蓋外側的摩擦發炎疼痛。

 

作者為註冊脊醫 伍兆聰脊醫

伍兆聰脊醫 DR. NG SIU CHUNG, NATHAN

資料來源:am730(20-09-2022)

選文來自:香港E大夫/醫大夫

 

 

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