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愈肥愈容易患上糖尿病?
 

愈肥愈容易患上糖尿病?

由肥胖引起的糖尿病,乃與身體對胰島素敏感度減弱有密切關係。胰島素是一種由胰臟分泌的荷爾蒙,作用是促進消耗血液中的糖份及讓多餘的糖份轉化成糖原 (glycogen) 或脂肪,以備空腹期間供身體消耗,從而令血糖保持在正常水平內。一旦體內脂肪過多,便有機會造成「胰島素抗衡」,簡單來說,即身體對胰島素反應不足,因此試圖不斷分泌胰島素令血糖下降,胰臟細胞在長期加班工作下,便會引致糖尿病。

愈肥胖真的愈容易患上糖尿病嗎?不幸地,醫學研究已發現這是千真萬確的事實。肥胖症主要由身高體重指標 (BMI) 斷定其嚴重性,以過重的指標為例,患上糖尿病的機會乃正常體重人士的 1.5 倍或以上,而當體重上升至肥胖症三期,風險便增加至3至4倍甚至更高。目前為止,最有效能提升胰島素敏感度的方法是減肥。30分鐘的帶氧運動便能令胰島素敏感度提升48小時,建議可隔天進行約30分鐘常規運動。

至於藥物方面,坊間有不少口服降糖藥物都以針對胰島素抗衡為目標。例如二甲雙胍及格列酮類藥物,兩者均能減低肝糖分泌。格列酮類藥物更俱備促進肌肉糖份應用等功效,加強對抗胰島素抗衡,醫生會按照病人的個別狀況作出最合適處方。

 

作者為內分泌及糖尿科醫生袁美欣

袁美欣醫生 DR. YUEN MAE ANN MICHELLE

 

資料來源:晴報 31-10-2017

選文來自:香港E大夫 / 醫大夫

 

 

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