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提防子女患腦膜炎
 

提防子女患腦膜炎

提起腦膜炎,家長最怕子女「燒壞腦」,腦膜炎在港雖然不常見,但病情來又急又兇,家長還是要小心提防。

腦膜炎主要分為細菌性及病毒性兩種,細菌性腦膜炎的致病原包括肺炎鏈球菌、腦膜炎雙球菌及乙型流感嗜血桿菌等。病毒性腦膜炎的病原由腸病毒及單純性疱疹病毒等引致。細菌性和病毒性腦膜炎均可透過直接接觸病患者的鼻喉分泌物而傳播,病毒性腦膜炎亦可透過口糞途徑傳播。

由於幼童的抵抗力較低,公共場所如波波池、遊戲室、幼兒院或扶手電梯等都是容易感染腦膜炎的高危地方。患者感染後最常見出現頭痛和頸部僵直,伴隨發燒、精神錯亂、嘔吐、畏光或響亮的聲音。

腦膜炎病情可以在24小時內迅速惡化,出現嚴重併發症甚至死亡的機會非常高,即使僥倖保命,運動、聽覺、視覺神經細胞也容易受感染而出現長遠後遺症。

幸而較常見的腦膜炎如肺炎鏈球菌、乙型流感嗜血桿菌和腦膜炎雙球菌都可透過疫苗預防,不少兒童都已接種了首兩種疫苗,但是第三種腦膜炎雙球菌兒童感染個案不時在港出現,家長如希望小朋友得到更全面保障,可諮詢醫生意見。

 

文:普通科醫生鄭楚豪醫生

鄭楚豪醫生 DR. CHENG CHOR HO ALVIN

資料來源: 晴報 29-05-2015

選文來自: 香港E大夫/醫大夫

 

 

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