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糖尿病人須定時測血糖值
 

糖尿病人須定時測血糖值

糖尿病是由於胰島素減少,或身體對胰島素出現抵抗而引致血糖偏高。一般糖尿病患者都沒有明顯病徵,但當血糖過高或血糖持續處於高水平時,便會感到不適和出現糖尿病併發症。病徵包括食量增加、經常口渴、小便頻密、疲倦、視力模糊、皮膚痕癢和體重下降等。嚴重者可出現高血糖昏迷症,屬急性併發症,成因是患者進食過量食物,尤其糖類或澱粉質,或沒有依時依量使用降血糖藥物,又或受到感染。若病徵及血糖過高情況持續,或尿液出現酮體,患者便必須及早求醫。

過低偏高俱會昏迷

另外,糖尿病患者也容易出現低血糖的現象,尤其當患者不正確使用降血糖藥物,或患者進食不定時或進食過少,或因運動過量和空腹飲酒。當血糖值低於4mmol/L時,患者可出現低血糖的徵狀包括冒冷汗、心跳加速、震顫、視力模糊、疲倦和嚴重飢餓感;血糖過低更可導致昏迷。患者應立刻作血糖測試,以確定血糖值,如仍然清醒,盡快吃食物補充;如已陷入昏迷,要立即送院救治。

預防高/低血糖昏迷症,首要飲食定時定量和定時服藥,並定時自我監測血糖,理解藥物、飲食、運動或患病時對身體血糖的影響,也可預測血糖於不同時間的變化;同時給予醫生作調整藥量的參考。美國糖尿病聯會(AmericanDiabetesAssociation) 建議糖尿病患者,尤其接受胰島素治療的病人,自我監測血糖的次數為每天三次或以上,空腹理想血糖值是4-6mmol/L,餐後少於10mmol/L。

 

內分泌及糖尿專科醫生丘思欣

丘思欣醫生 DR. YAU SEE YUN JOYCE

資料來源: 頭條日報 01-04-2012

選文來自: 香港E大夫 / 醫大夫

 

 

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